在过去110年间,美国房子的名义价格平均增长34倍,但经过调整通货膨胀后,实际价格基本上没有变化。当然,这么长的投资周期也比较少见,如果你在1979年开始投资美国房市一直持有到今天,31年的时间会导致房子跌值8.5%(如果计算投资回报率的话还要考虑房租以及税收因素)。
与此形成鲜明对比的是,中国房地产市场在过去几年的飞速膨胀。从2001年到2010年10期间,中国广义货币M2增长至4.6倍,而北京、上海、深圳房子价格却增长至10-15倍,实际房价增长至2~3倍。
一个出生于匈牙利的汉学家Etienne Balazs在50年前对中国有一段分析,我想他的观点可以部分解释中国房地产市场的急剧膨胀。此人1963年去世,耶鲁大学的几个教授在1964年合作把它的文章翻译,然后出版了一本书叫"Chinese Civilization and
Bureaucracy"。他在书中说"中国社会法制脆弱,个人少自由,私企无安全,除了土地,其它投资渠道稀少"。尽管现在国内的投资理财产品眼花缭乱,但房地产是为数不多的可以跑赢M2的产品,这不是没有道理的。另一方面,绝大多数投资理财产品都限于投资于中国境内,存在系统性风险。Balazs对中国的观点,下面是更加细致、全面和准确的英文原文(感觉还有几个语法错误,呵呵),有兴趣的读者仔细看看,这可是一个外国人在半个世纪前对中国的认识。"What was chiefly lacking in China for the further development ofcapitalism was not mechanical skills or scientific aptitude, nor asufficient accumulation of wealth, but scope for individual enterprises.There was no individual freedom and no security for private enterprise, nolegal foundation for rights other than those of the state, no alternativeinvestment other than landed property, no guarantee against being penalizedby arbitrary exactions from officials or against intervention by the state.But perhaps the supreme inhibiting factor was the overwhelming prestige ofthe state bureaucracy, which maimed from the start any attempt of thebourgeoisie to be different, to become aware of themselves as a class andfight for an autonomous position in society. Free enterprise, ready andproud to take risks, is therefore quite exceptional and abnormal in Chineseeconomic history"
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